Carbon & Alloy Steel Supplier

Carbon & Alloy Steel

ICI METALS OFFERS A VARIETY OF CARBON AND ALLOY STEEL INCLUDING:

  • Grades 1018, 1045, 1215, 12L14, 4140, 8620, e.t.d.150® and STRESSPROOF®. Other grades may be available for mill orders.
  • Shapes available include round,square, hex and rectangle,other shapes available upon request.

1018 ALLOY STEEL

This low carbon steel has good case hardening properties. Although not classed as a screw machine steel, at times it may be specified. This is an excellent steel for bending and cold forming, with good brazing and welding properties.

Overview
Shape Round, Square, Flat, Hexagon
Grade 1018
Tolerance Meets cold finished carbon steel bar manufacturing tolerances
Application Case hardened parts where core strength is not critical. Widely used in shafting applications

TECHNICAL DATA:

Chemistry
Carbon 0.15/0.20
Manganese 0.60/0.90
Phosphorus 0.04 (Max)
Sulphur 0.05 (Max)
Mechanical Properties.
Tensile Strength 64,000psi
Yield Strength 54,000psi
Elongation in 2" 15%
Reduction of Area 40%
Brinell Hardness 126
Machinability CF 70% HR 52% (C1212=100%)
PLEASE NOTE: All technical data is for comparison purposes only and should not be used for design purposes. Please consult an engineer to discuss specific recommendations regarding the appropriate metal for your project or application.

1045 ALLOY STEEL

This medium carbon steel is used for heat treating (quenching and tempering). Although it has only a fair response to conventional quenching, it is widely used where requirements are not too stringent. It is also used extensively in induction hardening applications. This is not normally considered a screw machine steel and is only fair for brazing and welding. However, it can be forged satisfactorily and is the most common shafting steel in the medium carbon range.

Overview
Shape Round, Square, Flat, Hexagon
Grade 1045
Tolerance Meets cold finished carbon steel bar manufacturing tolerances
Application Medium strength parts, particularly where hardenability for wear or higher strength is needed. Shafts for hydraulic and pneumatic cylinders.

TECHNICAL DATA:

Chemistry
Carbon 0.43/0.50
Manganese 0.60/0.90
Phosphorus 0.04 (Max)
Sulphur 0.05 (Max)
Mechanical Properties.
Tensile Strength 91,000psi
Yield Strength 77,000psi
Elongation in 2" 12%
Reduction of Area 35%
Brinell Hardness 179
Machinability CF 65% HR 56% (C1212=100%)
PLEASE NOTE: All technical data is for comparison purposes only and should not be used for design purposes. Please consult an engineer to discuss specific recommendations regarding the appropriate metal for your project or application.

1215 CARBON STEEL

1215 has essentially eliminated a number of similar free machining grades, such as 1212. Both 1215 and 1213 machine considerably faster than 1212 and provide good surface finish and brazing properties. These steels are difficult to weld and are not recommended for case hardening. They are generally used where mechanical properties can be sacrificed for machinability.

Overview
Shape Round, Hexagon
Grade 1215
Tolerance Meets cold finished carbon steel bar manufacturing tolerances
Application Screw machine parts that are not subject to severe stresses.

TECHNICAL DATA:

Chemistry
Carbon 0.09 (Max)
Manganese 0.75/1.05
Phosphorus 0.04/0.09
Sulphur 0.26/0.35
Mechanical Properties.
Tensile Strength 78,000psi
Yield Strength 60,000psi
Elongation in 2" 10%
Reduction of Area 35%
Brinell Hardness 167
Machinability CF 136% (C1212=100%)
PLEASE NOTE: All technical data is for comparison purposes only and should not be used for design purposes. Please consult an engineer to discuss specific recommendations regarding the appropriate metal for your project or application.

12L14 CARBON STEEL

A free machining, resulphurized, lead-bearing steel for high volume production parts. Used for parts where considerable machining is required. With good ductility, this grade can be used for parts involving bending, crimping, or riveting.

Overview
Shape Round, Hexagon
Grade 12L14
Tolerance Meets cold finished carbon steel bar manufacturing tolerances
Application With its fast machinability it is a favorite for automatic screw machine parts like bushings, inserts, couplings, and fittings.

TECHNICAL DATA:

Chemistry
Carbon 0.15 (Max)
Manganese 0.85/1.15
Phosphorus 0.04/0.09
Sulphur 0.26/0.35
Lead 0.15/.35
Mechanical Properties.
Tensile Strength 78,000psi
Yield Strength 60,000psi
Elongation in 2" 10%
Reduction of Area 35%
Brinell Hardness 165
Machinability 180% (C1212=100%)
PLEASE NOTE: All technical data is for comparison purposes only and should not be used for design purposes. Please consult an engineer to discuss specific recommendations regarding the appropriate metal for your project or application.

4140 ALLOY STEEL

This alloy responds well to heat treatment. Its chromium content provides good hardness penetration, and the molybdenum imparts uniformity of hardness and high strength. In the annealed condition it machines at 110 sfm. Other desirable properties include good wear resistance, excellent toughness and good ductility in the quenched and tempered condition.

Overview
Shape Round, Hexagon, Flats
Grade 4140
Tolerance Meets commercial carbon steel bar manufacturing tolerances
Application Highly stressed parts, or parts subject to severe wear.

TECHNICAL DATA:

Chemistry
Carbon .38/.43
Manganese 0.75/1.00
Phosphorus 0.035 (Max)
Sulphur 0.04 (Max)
Silicon 0.15/0.35
Chromium 0.80/1.10
Molybdenum 0.15/0.25
PLEASE NOTE: All technical data is for comparison purposes only and should not be used for design purposes. Please consult an engineer to discuss specific recommendations regarding the appropriate metal for your project or application.

8620 ALLOY STEEL

The most widely used carburizing alloy. Its nickel content imparts good toughness and ductility. The chromium and molybdenum increases hardness penetration and wear-ability. This steel's well balanced alloy content permits hardening to produce a strong, tough core and high case hardness. It machines at 110 sfm and has good welding qualities.

Overview
Shape Round
Grade 8620
Tolerance Meets cold finished carbon steel bar manufacturing tolerances
Application Structural parts such as gears, pinions, spline shafts, pins and a variety of other important applications requiring a hard wear surface and a ductile core.

TECHNICAL DATA:

Chemistry
Carbon 0.18/0.23
Manganese 0.70/0.90
Phosphorus 0.035 (Max)
Sulphur 0.04 (Max)
Silicon 0.15/0.35
Nickel 0.40/0.70
Chromium 0.40/0.60
Molybdenum 0.15/0.25
Machinability CF 63 HR 60 (C1212=100%)
PLEASE NOTE: All technical data is for comparison purposes only and should not be used for design purposes. Please consult an engineer to discuss specific recommendations regarding the appropriate metal for your project or application.

E.T.D. 150®

A high strength material made by Niagara LaSalle's patented "e.t.d."® (elevated temperature drawing) process. Eliminates heat treating and secondary operations such as straightening, finish grinding, cleaning, and inspections. "e.t.d." 150® can be roll threaded, knurled and plated. Suitable for induction hardening. "e.t.d." 150® is also electro-magnetically tested using induced eddy currents.

Overview
Shape Rounds (7/16" through 3-1/2")
Grade produced from AISI medium carbon 4100 series alloy steel
Tolerance 7/16" to 1-1/2" incl 0.005" Over 1-1/2 to 2-1/2 incl 0.006" Over 2-1/2" to 3-1/2" incl 0.007
Application Parts you are now heat treating from Rc 30 to Rc 36.

TECHNICAL DATA:

Chemistry
Carbon 0.40 Min
Manganese 0.70/1.10
Phosphorus 0.15/0.35
Sulphur 0.80/1.20
Lead 0.15/0.25
Mechanical Properties.
Tensile Strength 150,000 psi
Yield Strength 130,000 psi
Elongation 10%(Mean)
Reduction of Area 37% (Mean)
Machinability 75% of 1212
Rockwell C hardness
Brinell Hardness
** 32 Min.
**302 Min.
MICRO-STRUCTURE Ferritic fine grain and fine pearlite. Fine grain size 5-8.
SIZE RANGE 7/16" rounds through 3-1/2"
TOLERANCES
(Tolerances, in decimals of an inch, provide for undersize variation only.)
Rounds
7/16" to 1-1/2" incl. 0.005"
Over 1-1/2" to 2-1/2" incl. 0.006"
Over 2-1/2" to 3-1/2" incl. 0.007"
LENGTH 11'/13'
FINISH
  1. Standard "as drawn" finish is smooth, accurate and dark in color.
  2. Ground and Polished finish provides close tolerances, high accuracies and bright surface. Rounds only.
EXAMPLE OF USE Parts you are now heat treating from Rc 30 to Rc 36.

* "e.t.d." 150® contains additives for improving machinability. These may be Tellurium, Selenium, Sulphur (.06 max), or others, separately or in combination.

**In the event of disagreement between hardness and tensile strength, the tensile strength shall govern.

E.T.D. 150® Brochure
PLEASE NOTE: All technical data is for comparison purposes only and should not be used for design purposes. Please consult an engineer to discuss specific recommendations regarding the appropriate metal for your project or application.

STRESSPROOF®

STRESSPROOF® is made by a patented process which consists of drawing the bar through a special die under heavy draft, then stress relieving it in a precisely controlled furnace. STRESSPROOF® offers improved wearability without case hardening, strength without heat treating, plus excellent machinability and tool life. STRESSPROOF® is electro-magnetically tested using eddy currents. Other benefits include resistance to fatigue and stress, balanced working and minimum warpage and distortion.

STRESSPROOF® can also be induction hardened, but should be watched for quench cracks.

100,000 psi minimum yield strength. Strength without heat treating. Guaranteed machinability, minimum warpage. Elimination of heat treating means energy savings and reduced processing costs.

Overview
Shape Rounds 1/4" through 4-1/2" Hexagons 1/4" through 2"
Grade ASTM A311
Tolerance

Rounds:
1/4" to 1-1/2" incl.0.004"
Over 1-1/2" to 2-1/2" incl.0.005"
Over 2-1/2" to 4 incl.0.006"
Over 4" to 4-1/2" incl.0.007"

Hexagons:
1/4" to 3/4" incl.0.004"
Over 3/4" to 1-1/2" incl.0.005"
Over 1-1/2" to 2" incl.0.006"

Application Parts you are now heat treating from Rc 23 to Rc 30. A uniform material which provides exceptional quality for Production, maintenance or special machine parts.

Stressproof Difference: The Only Steel Bar Pretested for Machinability

Consistent quality is becoming increasingly important to steel users over a wide range of products. This is particularly true in the case of the uniformity of machinability of cold finished steel bars, because of the ever greater automation in the machine shop. The present new generation of computer-controlled machine tools is less tolerant of differences in tool life, emphasizing the need for materials that are dependable performers.

Niagara LaSalle has recognized this need for product uniformity, since it has worked in the field of machining for many years in close contact with production machine shops. Through the years, the desirability of having available a quick and inexpensive machinability test that could be used as a routine quality control check was often discussed. Finally, several years ago, after much painstaking research, Niagara LaSalle did develop a new machinability test ideally suited for quality control purposes and the monitoring of certain specialty products where uniform machinability is important.

Niagara LaSalle's machining test is different from most other tests now in use in that it is basically a "go/no-go" test, which is an integral part of the machining cycle used to prepare the standard tension test specimen needed for releasing every lot of STRESSPROOF® produced. When this machining procedure is done with a modern computer-controlled lathe, the test is simple, accurate, and inexpensive to carry out.

It is recognized that this test will not pick up every conceivable problem associated with machining, particularly those related to residual stresses or surface problems. However, the test is very sensitive to effects associated with the basic nature of the steel, such as tensile properties, hardness, metallographic differences in structure and inclusions, and variations in chemical composition.

It is strongly felt that in our modern computer age, uniformity in machinability of a product has become a key factor in improved productivity, and Niagara LaSalle will continue to be responsive to the needs of its customers.

STRESSPROOF not only meets the minimum properties of ASTM A311, but it also has controlled low stresses, reliable machining, and improved surface quality. Result is longer part life with less manufacturing costs.

Comparison of ASTMA 311 and STRESSPROOF®

ASTM A 311 STRESSPROOF®
Mechanical Property Tests 1 tension test every 50,000 lbs. or less of same lot for TENSILE, YIELD, ELONGATION/2", R/A 1 tension test for every 10,000 lbs. or less of same lot for TENSILE, YIELD, EL/2", R/A. If restraightened, then the same number of tests are again required.
Seam Depth Specification No specification Maximum seam depth of 0.010 up to 5/8" diameter. Thereafter 0.001 per each 1/16" of diameter, i.e., 1" dia.-0.016" max. depth of seam. Seams deeper than this are rejectable. This specification is 33% less than the standard for AISI 1144 grade.
Magnetic Testing No specification Every order is inspected for surface defects with a magnetic or roto bar tester. Seams deeper than that stated above are rejected.
Machinability Testing No specification One or more machinability tests are run every 10,000 lbs. or less of same lot. If final test is negative, the STRESSPROOF lot is rejected.
Warpage Testing No specification One warpage test is taken of first bar produced by a new or reground specialty designed drawing die. If this test indicates stresses are out of specification, the die is not used.
Drawing Die Testing No specification An optical comparator test is made of a mold from each new or reground die measuring the internal geometry of the die. Routine warpage tests are also conducted throughout the life of the die.

FACTS

FACT: THE GRADE 1144 MODIFIED Grade AISI 1144 was originated by the LaSalle Steel Company in the mid-1930's for the purpose of making STRESSPROOF.

FACT: THE PATENT The original patent for STRESSPROOF, "the steel product and method of manufacture", was based on cold drawing with heavy drafts, i.e., higher-than-normal drafts. This was followed by the highest temperature stress relieving treatment possible to obtain a combination of properties… strength, wear resistance, minimum warpage, and excellent machinability.

FACT: HIGH TEMPERATURE STRESS RELIEVING The importance of high temperature stress relieving to obtain maximum ductility, minimum warpage and excellent machinability is a major part of the original patent. The stress relieving temperature selection is based on 60 years of experience and thorough documentation.

FACT: PATENTED DRAWING DIES Niagara LaSalle's patented drawing dies have always been the most critical part of producing STRESSPROOF. Therefore, a warpage test is always performed on the first bar drawn through either a new or reground die. Warpage tests are also regularly made as part of a standard quality assurance procedure. Niagara LaSalle is the only mill to use a warpage test. The results then become an integral part of the quality assurance program.

FACT: SURFACE QUALITY To assure surface quality, comparitor or roto bar testing for seams on every order is a part of the STRESSPROOF manufacturing process. To further improve quality, Niagara LaSalle reduced the standard seam depth tolerance for STRESSPROOF from 0.0015 per each 1/16" to 0.0010 per each 1/16". This can mean a savings of 3% in material weight purchased.

FACT: MACHINABILITY ASSURANCE Machinability testing of all STRESSPROOF is regularly done as a part of the Niagara LaSalle Quality Assurance Program. Niagara LaSalle is the only mill in the world to use a machining test as part of a production and quality assurance program.

FACT: ASTM A311 SPECIFICATION This specification was written in an attempt to cover STRESSPROOF properties. This specification is very broad in that it covers eight grades and four conditions of stress relieved cold drawn bars to meet minimum mechanical property requirements.

FACT: MECHANICAL PROPERTY TESTING Mechanical property (tension) testing at Niagara LaSalle uses the largest sampling plan in the industry. A minimum of one test (tensile, yield, elongation, R/A) is made for every 50,000 lbs. or less. Mechanical property testing is always the final production operation after all processing is completed.

TECHNICAL DATA:

Chemistry
Carbon 0.40/0.48
Manganese 1.35/1.65
Phosphorus 0.040 Max.
Sulphur 0.24/0.33
Silicon 0.15/0.35
* AISI 1144 heats to be used for STRESSPROOF® are nitrogen treated, and contain nitrogen in quantities normally associated with steel produced by the electric furnace process.
Mechanical Properties. - To ASTM A311 Class B.
Tensile Strength 115,000 psi (Min.)
Yield Strength 100,000 psi (Min.)
Machining Characteristics 83% of 1212
Elongation 8% Min. (7% Min. above 3 in.)
Reduction of Area 25% Min. (20% Min. above 2 in.)
MICRO-STRUCTURE Pearlite and ferrite
SIZE RANGE Rounds 1/4" through 4-1/2" Hexagons 1/4" through 2"
PLEASE NOTE: All technical data is for comparison purposes only and should not be used for design purposes. Please consult an engineer to discuss specific recommendations regarding the appropriate metal for your project or application.